What is a 'coda' in musical terms?

A 'coda' in music refers to a concluding section that wraps up a piece or movement, providing closure and a sense of finality. It often serves to reinforce the main themes or ideas presented earlier in the composition, creating a cohesive ending. The coda can vary in length and complexity, but its primary function is to signal to the listener that the music is coming to a conclusive end. This contrasts with elements like a repeated section, which revisits material without serving a conclusive purpose, or an introductory passage, which sets the stage for what is to come. A melodic variation, while it may alter themes, does not fulfill the role of bringing a piece to a close. In essence, understanding the purpose of a coda enhances one's appreciation of musical structure and the composer's intention.