What does 'tonality' refer to?

Tonality refers to the organization of music around a central pitch, often known as the tonic. In tonal music, the piece is structured in such a way that this central pitch serves as a home base, establishing a hierarchy of pitches and chords that create a sense of tension and resolution. This central pitch influences how melodies are formed and how harmonies relate to one another, ultimately guiding listeners' expectations and emotional responses to the music.

The concept of tonality helps to define modalities, scales, and the overall mood of a piece, making it a foundational element in Western music composition. Understanding tonality allows musicians and listeners alike to navigate musical pieces more effectively, grasping their emotional and structural complexities.