What does the term "polyphonic" refer to in music composition?

The term "polyphonic" in music refers to compositions that feature multiple independent melodies occurring simultaneously. This approach allows for a rich tapestry of sound where each melody can be distinctive and contribute to the overall harmony of the piece. Polyphonic music is characterized by the interplay between these melodies, creating complex textures that engage the listener in various ways.

In contrast, music with a single melody would be described as "monophonic," and while rhythm-focused music emphasizes time and beat, it does not necessarily indicate the presence of multiple melodies. Lastly, music that uses only chords pertains to harmony and may not involve independent melodic lines, which is essential to the concept of polyphony. Thus, the correct understanding of "polyphonic" captures the essence of music featuring simultaneous, independent melodic lines.