What does 'tempo' refer to in music?

'Tempo' in music specifically refers to the speed at which a piece of music is played. It indicates the pace of the beat, which can be measured in beats per minute (BPM). A faster tempo means the music is played more quickly, while a slower tempo means it is played at a more leisurely pace. This element serves as a foundational aspect of a composition, influencing how the music feels and how it is perceived by the listener. Understanding tempo is crucial for musicians as it guides their performance and interpretation of the piece.