What does 'polyphony' refer to in music?

Polyphony refers to a musical texture in which two or more independent melodic lines are performed simultaneously. This contrasts with monophony, which consists of a single melodic line without harmonic support. In polyphony, each melodic line retains its distinctiveness, allowing for complex interactions and harmonies. This texture is often found in compositions such as those by Palestrina during the Renaissance or in the contrapuntal works of Bach in the Baroque era. Polyphony enriches the musical experience by creating a more intricate and layered sound, as the listener can pick out the various melodies happening together. This enriching complexity makes polyphony a fundamental element in the development of Western music.