What do you call a musical performance by a single musician?

A musical performance by a single musician is referred to as a solo. This term is commonly used across various musical genres, indicating that one individual is performing independently, showcasing their skill and interpretation of the music without the accompaniment of other musicians. This allows the performer to express their personal artistry and often highlights their technical abilities and emotional connection to the piece being performed.

In contrast, a duo involves two musicians, a quartet consists of four musicians, and an ensemble generally refers to a group of musicians, which can vary in size but typically includes at least three performers. These terms signify collaborative performances, where multiple musicians contribute to the overall sound and dynamics of the music. A solo, therefore, stands out as it emphasizes the soloist's individual contributions and artistry.