In medieval music, what distinguishes a troubadour?

The distinction of a troubadour in medieval music primarily lies in their role as composers and performers of songs that revolved around themes of courtly love and chivalry. This tradition was significant in the cultural landscape of the medieval period, especially in the regions of what is now southern France. Troubadours crafted intricate lyrics that reflected the ideals of romantic love, often using poetic forms that celebrated devotion and admiration for their beloved, typically from a distance. This lyrical content was characteristic of the troubadour style, making them stand out as not just performers, but also as poets who contributed to the development of vernacular literature.

While traveling musicians did exist during this time and some troubadours may have performed across various courts, the essence of a troubadour is intimately linked with their focus on love and chivalric values in their compositions, rather than merely their traveling status or lifestyle. Additionally, the focus on instrumental music is not a defining trait of troubadours, who were more noted for their vocal compositions accompanied by instruments rather than instrumental music itself. Lastly, their work was not primarily religious; instead, they often engaged with secular themes, further solidifying their unique position in the realm of medieval music.