In a fugue, what is meant by the term "subject"?

In the context of a fugue, the term "subject" refers to the primary musical idea that serves as the foundation of the entire composition. This central melody is introduced at the beginning of the fugue and is subsequently developed and elaborated upon throughout the piece. The subject is crucial in giving the fugue its character and structure, as it undergoes variations, transformations, and interplay with other musical lines.

The subject is often first stated in one voice and then imitated by other voices in different pitches. This technique of imitation is a hallmark of fugue writing and contributes to the complexity and richness of the texture. By having a clear and recognizable subject, the composer ensures that the listener can follow the development of the material and appreciate the intricate relationships between the voices as they interact.

Understanding the role of the subject in a fugue is essential for grasping its formal elements and appreciating the artistry involved in its composition.