How does a conductor typically signal a change in tempo?

A conductor typically signals a change in tempo through the use of hands and body movements. This method allows the conductor to communicate the desired tempo effectively to the musicians, who observe the conductor's gestures in real-time. The conductor's hands might move faster to indicate a quicker tempo or slower for a more relaxed pace, while body movements can enhance the visual signal, ensuring that all musicians are synchronized.

Effective communication through gestures is essential in a musical ensemble, as it allows for immediate adjustments and helps maintain cohesion among the performers. While facial expressions and physical presence do play a role in conveying emotions and intentions, it is the clear and deliberate movements of the hands and body that serve as the primary means for signaling tempo changes.